To assume a world exists outside of consciousness implies understanding consciousness. If Tegmark understood consciousness, it is on that topic he would be writing, and not on some speculative, poorly crafted pseudo philosophy.

Additionally, the rejection of Godel’s theorem is outrageous. According to people like Wolfram and Chaitin, one can interpret Godel’s theorem to mean that some times the description of a system has the same information content as the system. Hence, the description is redundant. Or in short, some natural systems cannot be “scientized”: the system is its own theory, so to speak. Are we to simply discard all such systems as baggage.

And the idea of a hierarchy of description is just a tired and worn out fantasy. It is a smoke screen hiding…nothing. It sounds nice, but let’s see it in practice, please.

What is this bizarre, nihilistic desire to get humans out of the picture? Last I looked, both me and Tegmark, and you who is reading this, are humans. Why do we need to leave the picture? I’m sorry, but it is just plain weird.

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It’s probably unfair though to interpret Leibniz in terms of Einsteinian physics (e.g. a closed spacetime). While Leibniz was a smart fellow, he did not know about all the different manifolds and spaces that constitute modern math and physics. Besides this though, have you read Leibniz’ stuff? One of his premises is that God is continuously creating the universe. That means that there is only one instant of time, the one that God is at that instant creating. The previous ones are annihilated and the future ones do not yet exist. So, there is no temporal repetition at all in Leibniz world. I suspect that might be how he would answer your question.